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Quiz 6
1. List the areas in which the legal needs of the middle and working class are unmet. What are the barriers to middle and working class access to lawyers?
2. Describe the core principles of legal ethics. What is the process for adjudicating legal ethics complaints? Identify and briefly discuss each of the potential sanctions or penalties for lawyers that violate the ethical standards.
3. Explain the differences between Herbert Packer’s “Crime Control” and “Due Process” models of criminal procedure.
4. Write a brief essay describing what factors account for the fact that the overwhelming majority of criminal cases are resolved through plea bargaining rather than being brought to trial.
5. Summarize Abraham Blumberg’s argument that defense attorneys act as “double agents” engaged in “the practice of law as a confidence game.”
This quiz will cover materials from the Assigned Book Readings from Module 6 (Experiences and Processes in the Criminal Justice System). There are 5 questions worth 5 points each for a total of 25 points.
Students may use only the books to assist with this assignment
Students must cite the relevant page number(s) from the book for each answer in order to receive credit for the question. If the page numbers are not cited, the question will be marked incorrect.

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DO NOT USE AI
Read Chapters 31 & 34
Answer all of the questions separately while linking the textbook concepts/theory to the question asked.
1.  Compare the media ecology of McLuhan and his theoretical descendants and Katz position on the uses and gratifications of media with Kramarae’s view of the Internet and electronic interactivity. 
2.  Define and critique McLuhan’s assertion that the medium is the message. 
3.  Does the Internet validate or challenge Stuart Hall’s assertions about media hegemony? 
4.  What is the central goal of the proponents of cultural studies in the context of media consumption? What must happen for this goal to be realized? 
Citation:
 Sparks, E.G.A.L. G. (2022). A First Look at Communication Theory (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US). https://reader2.yuzu.com/books/9781264978397 

Create a PowerPoint presentation outlining and identifying the following: 
1. Identify your chosen social problem – Substance Abuse amongst adolescents
2. Your research question – Does the widespread use and dependency on drugs or alcohol, often cause personal and social harm amongst adolescents?
3. Evidence/Statistics supporting why this social issue is problematic (this will help you get started on your literature review)- Be sure to cite within the slides as well as have references slide at the end. 
4. Relevant policies/advocacy groups that already exist to support or address this problem (include strengths and limitations of each)
5. List research design elements (methodology, sampling, data collection and analysis, reporting, limitations) **You do not have to go into depth just list these elements**
6. Discussion– Based on the strengths and limitations of existing programs/advocacy groups what program or policy ideas do you have that you feel would fill these gaps and create measurable change for this problem? Why is this problem important to social work?

Ancient china | World history homework help

clintonbes

Analyze the significance of the Silk Road in ancient China’s economic and cultural development. How did it facilitate exchange with other civilizations?
Compare the social structure of ancient China to that of another ancient civilization you’ve studied. What similarities and differences do you observe?
Analyze the impact of the Great Wall on Chinese history. How did it shape China’s relationship with nomadic peoples and influence its military strategies?
How did ancient China’s agricultural practices and innovations contribute to its population growth and economic stability?

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Post by Regina
Patient Autonomy and End-of-Life Care
One of the most challenging ethical dilemmas I have ever faced in nursing practice was centered around patient autonomy, particularly regarding end-of-life care. I chose this topic since it underlines the critical balance that needs to be achieved between the rights of the patient and recommendations from the medical professional, as these often present very difficult decisions for both healthcare providers and families. This is one of the most common and touching challenges in nursing practices, where nurses try to advocate for patient-centered care amidst ethical complications during treatment(Tahmasebi, 2023).
A Conflict Over End-of-Life Care
In my practice, I once faced a case of a fully developed elderly female patient diagnosed with terminal cancer and admitted to the hospital in much pain. The medical professionals felt like there were no other cures or treatments for the disease. Therefore, the medical professionals recommended palliative care to address the patient’s symptoms and keep him as comfortable as possible. The patient, before becoming ill, had stated that she wanted no aggressive therapy and was articulate in signing the directive. However, the patient’s family remained very much against the proposal for palliative care and demanded the continuance of aggressive interventions, insisting that the patient was incompetent to make rational decisions due to his condition.
The ethical dilemmas were about the patient’s right to autonomy enshrined in an advance directive while the family was expecting aggressive treatment for the patient. In this case, I experienced a dilemma where, on the patient’s side, I had to advocate for her decision while, on the other hand, talking with the family as a caring nurse. This unique case scenario defines the type of ethical decisions nurses constantly make when patients’ decisions contradict those of the family.(Molina-Mula & Gallo-Estrada, 2020).

How the Ethical Challenge Was Addressed
This situation was addressed professionally through several measures that involved other parties, including myself, the physician, two social workers, and the ethics committee. I will first look for, review, and confirm the patient’s advanced directive. Subsequently, a family meeting was held where the medical status, prognosis, and patient preferences, as shared by the healthcare team, including myself, were discussed. I supported the patient’s right to die peacefully and in a dignified manner with minimal distress as per their directive. The ethics committee was called in to help with the issue and ensure that everyone was heard and an unbiased decision was made. They supported respecting patient autonomy based on the legal documents she had signed.
Finally, the family, who disagreed with the decision of a patient not to receive any treatment at all, changed their mind to accept the patient’s decision in the final place. After some discussions with the assistance of the healthcare team, they concurred on palliative care. The patient was transferred to the hospice, where she received the last moments of her life as per the advance directive.
Reflection on the Approach Taken
I feel that the approach taken to this ethical challenge was appropriate in that a multidisciplinary team was used to formulate a plan, an ethics committee gave its opinion on the matter, and a respectful conversation with the family resulted in a decision that respected a patient’s autonomy yet provided much-needed support for this family during a trying time.
However, if I had looked at the situation objectively, I would have initiated the involvement of the ethics committee at an earlier stage. Their implication reduced conflict by bringing and presenting the family with an impartial and moral point of view that could have eased some of the family’s suffering earlier. Moreover, family meetings can occur more often to help ease understanding and communication with the family and relieve the load of emotions on the family and the healthcare team.
This experience developed a better understanding of the moral obligations that nurses have in patient self-determination in light of emotional pressure on the part of the family. The nurse plays a big part in providing compassionate care and protecting the patients’ rights  (Cheraghi et al., 2023). All these call for mindful balancing between empathy, effective communication, and commitment to ethical principles to preserve patient dignity and make ethical decisions.
Cheraghi, R., Valizadeh, L., Zamanzadeh, V., Hassankhani, H., & Jafarzadeh, A. (2023). Clarification of ethical principle of the beneficence in nursing care: An integrative review.  BMC Nursing,  22(89).  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01246-4Links to an external site.
Molina-Mula, J., & Gallo-Estrada, J. (2020). Impact of nurse-patient relationship on quality of care and patient autonomy in decision-making.  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,  17(3), 1–24.  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030835Links to an external site.
Tahmasebi, M. (2023). Ethics and palliative care: a case of patient’s autonomy.  Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine,  15(16).  https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v15i16.11574Links to an external site.
Post by Soniya
In this blog post, I will talk about an ethical challenge in nursing: addressing situations where a patient clearly requires hospice care, but the family is not in agreement with each other and the patient is unable to communicate their wishes.
The Ethical Challenge: Disagreement on Hospice Care
The ethical challenge here involves respecting patient autonomy and ensuring beneficence- acting in the best interest of the patient-while also addressing conflicting family perspectives (Akdeniz et al., 2021). This situation often arises when the patient, due to cognitive or physical decline, cannot express their desires, leaving the healthcare team to rely on family input, which can sometimes be contradictory or unrealistic in terms of the patient’s needs and medical prognosis. I selected this ethical challenge because it embodies the difficult balance between ethical nursing principles and family-centered care. As nurses, we aim to honor the patient’s dignity and provide comfort at end-of-life. However, when families are at odds or in denial about the patient’s condition, it places the nursing team in a complex position. I believe it’s essential to address these scenarios, as unresolved family disputes can delay appropriate palliative care, resulting in unnecessary patient suffering. 
My Experience with This Ethical Challenge
In one case, I encountered a patient who was 100 years old and had been admitted with pneumonia. Despite receiving antibiotics, her condition worsened each day. She eventually stopped eating and drinking and was only responsive to painful stimuli. Given her advanced age and declining state, the care team recommended transitioning to hospice care to focus on her comfort. However, the family was deeply divided on this decision: one part of the family saw hospice as the compassionate choice, while others held on to the hope that aggressive treatments might lead to her recovery.
What Happened?
The disagreement within the family led to delays in making a final decision about her care. Some family members struggled to accept that recovery was unlikely, while others feared that continued interventions might only prolong her suffering. This conflict created tension not only within the family but also among the care team, who wanted to ensure that the patient received the best possible care given her current condition.
How We Addressed the Situation
To address this challenge, the care team arranged a family meeting. I, along with the physician, social worker, and family members, participated in this discussion. We provided clear and compassionate explanations of the patient’s prognosis and the limitations of curative treatments in her case. We discussed the goals of hospice, emphasizing that the focus would shift to ensuring her comfort and dignity in her final days. Despite these efforts, some family members continued to insist on more aggressive treatments, holding on to the slim hope of improvement.
In response to the family’s hesitation, the team attempted a compromise: we implemented some comfort measures while allowing time for the family to come to terms with her condition. This approach was not ideal but aimed to respect the emotional needs of the family members who were not yet ready to let go.
 
Reflection on the Approaches Taken
Looking back, I believe the approach taken respected the family’s emotions, though it came at the cost of delaying the patient’s full comfort care. The balance was challenging, as we aimed to respect the family’s perspectives while prioritizing the patient’s well-being. Though not perfect, the compromise allowed the family some time to accept the inevitable while slowly transitioning her care to a comfort-focused approach.
What I would Do Differently
If I were to encounter a similar situation again, I would consider involving an ethics committee sooner. This additional support might have facilitated a clearer, unbiased dialogue, helping the family members navigate their emotional barriers and come to a united decision sooner. Additionally, inviting pastoral care or another support resource could provide more holistic support for the family. My goal would be to help the family reach a agreement faster to prevent unnecessary suffering for the patient.
In summary, managing ethical challenges like these requires sensitivity, patience, and effective communication. By focusing on the patient’s needs while respecting the family’s grief and concerns, nurses play a critical role in advocating for compassionate end-of-life care.

 Reference:
Akdeniz M, Yardımcı B, Kavukcu E. Ethical considerations at the end-of-life care. SAGE Open Med. 2021 Mar 12;9:20503121211000918. doi: 10.1177/20503121211000918. PMID: 33786182; PMCID: PMC7958189.

Haddad LM, Geiger RA. Nursing Ethical Considerations. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526054/Links to an external site.

Khaghanizadeh M, Koohi A, Ebadi A, Vahedian-Azimi A. (2023).  The effect and comparison of training in ethical decision-making through lectures and group discussions on moral reasoning, moral distress and moral sensitivity in nurses: A clinical randomized controlled trial.Links to an external site.Links to an external site.  BMC medical ethics, 24(1), Article 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-023-00938-5

The table below shows the output per week of two manufacturers, Serena and Venus. They can either devote their time to making Yogurt or making Ice Cream. 
The output per week of two manufacturers
                       Serena             Venus 
Yogurt:         750 Gallons      800 Gallons 
Ice Cream:    950 Gallons      900 Gallons 
 Answer the following questions with an explanation of why you determined the answer: 
Who has the absolute advantage in making Yogurt? Explain why. 
Who has the absolute advantage in making Ice Cream? Explain why. 
What is Venus’s opportunity cost of making a Yogurt? Explain why. 
What is Serena’s opportunity cost of making a Yogurt? Explain why. 
What is Venus’s opportunity cost of making Ice Cream? Explain why. 
What is Serena’s opportunity cost of making Ice Cream? Explain why. 
Who has the comparative advantage in making Yogurt? Explain why. 
Who has the comparative advantage in making Ice Cream? Explain why. 
You and your neighbor are the only people in the world that produces cashews and mushrooms. You do not engage in trade with each other. On your own, you can each produce the following per day: 
Cashews and Mushrooms Production
                                                       You                                                  Neighbor 
                                         Cashews        Mushrooms             Cashews          Mushrooms 
Only gather cashews:      12 pounds          0 pounds                 5 pounds            0 pounds 
Only gather mushrooms:    0 pounds          6 pounds                 0 pounds            5 pounds 
 Right now, you each split your time between gathering each product. You currently gather and consume eight pounds of cashews and two pounds of mushrooms, while your neighbor is gathering and consuming three pounds of cashews and one pound of mushrooms. Show numerically how specialization and trade with each other can make you better off. Who specializes in the production of each product, and what trade could you then make with each other that would benefit both of you? Explain your answers. 

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This week, we are focusing on social change in our discussions. You will often be asked to think about social change during your time at Walden, and hopefully, you will pursue social change in your professional life as well. Let’s begin by looking at how social change is defined within Walden’s 2020-21 catalog: “Walden University defines positive social change as a deliberate process of creating and applying ideas, strategies, and actions to promote the worth, dignity, and development of individuals, communities, organizations, institutions, cultures, and societies. Positive social change results in the improvement of human and social conditions.” In at least one paragraph, complete the questions/tasks below. Be as specific as possible: What is your definition of social change? This answer should come from you, so please do not look up any definitions. This is about your thoughts. How does social change happen in your life? Think about different aspects of your life, including personal, professional, and educational. Quote an idea or passage from Walden’s definition. Explain how the quote connects with your own ideas about social change. Weekly Discussion Challenge:  Look at Part A. In a one sentence summary, explain the main idea of Walden’s social change definition in your own words. Underline this sentence in your posting. Click to explore your personal connection to change. Part B Click the link below for John Flintoff’s TED talk, How to change the world: Flintoff, J. (2012). How to change the world. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JH6FBwbqxUA&feature=youtu.be Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 17  minutes. Click to access instructions for accessing transcript for this TED Talk.  In Part A of this discussion, you are thinking about your definition and ideas about social change. In John Flintoff’s TED Talk, he explains how social change can be made with the smallest gestures that do not require wealth or celebrity. Keep this in mind, as you watch, listen to, or read the transcript of Flintoff’s Talk. In at least one paragraph (5-7 sentences), complete the questions/tasks below. Be as specific as possible: Introduce the TED Talk by author and/or title, and then give a short summary (tell what it is about in your own words). Think about the ideas you discussed in Part A. How do Flintoff’s ideas tie in with your views of social change? Use a direct quote from the TED Talk and follow it with at least one sentence of your own commentary/reaction to the quote. Open a browser window and type the following into the search bar:         social change + insert your career field         (Example: social change + nursing) What topics or themes do you notice? Describe one example of social change that interests you. Make sure to touch on each of the topics/questions in the bullets above. Feel free to explore any ideas related to the TED Talk. On or Before Day 7 Read the Part C instructions carefully before you respond to classmates as they differ each week.  Part C Write at least one paragraph (5-7 sentences) per response. In each of your response posts, make sure to address at least one of the bullets below: Ask them a question about the intersection of social change and their career path. With your question, point out how social change directly relates to their lives and professional fields. Identify a place in Part B where they used a source and reflect on the information and how it was integrated by the writer. How did the source information enhance the writer’s ideas?  Connect your ideas about social change with their post. Find a bridge between your ideas and theirs, and explain the connection. Explain the connection and describe how and why your ideas are connected to theirs. Quote your favorite sentence from Part A of their post. 

 Considering your own problem space, methodology, research questions, and design, what might you still need to consider for designing your research study? What might be your potential sample? How might you go about collecting data for your study? What ethical and feasibility considerations might you consider? Explain including References. 

Shirley Jackson writes in “The Lottery:” The black box grew shabbier each year: by now it was no longer completely black but splintered badly along one side to show the original wood color, and in some places faded or stained. In a detailed 5-7 sentence paragraph, analyze what the black box symbolizes.  Respond to at least two classmates’ posts. You must post your paragraph before responding. You will be graded on correctness, paragraph organization, grammar and mechanics, and response.
Outline of Paragraph
Topic sentence – answer the question (what the black box symbolize)
Supporting Sentences – support using the short story; do not write summary.
Clincher sentence – concludes the paragraph
Please find the link below to “The Lottery”. Copy and paste in the browser to read the short story.
https://digitalbell-bucket.s3.amazonaws.com/58AF5E74-5056-907D-8DE8-C3BE81B60EA3.pdf

In a 5–7 page written assessment, determine how health care technology, coordination of care, and community resources can be applied to address the patient, family, or population problem you’ve defined. In addition, plan to spend approximately 2 direct practicum hours exploring these aspects of the problem with the patient, family, or group you’ve chosen to work with and, if desired, consulting with subject matter and industry experts. Document the time spent (your practicum hours) with these individuals or group in the Capella Academic Portal Volunteer Experience Form. Report on your experiences during the second 2 hours of your practicum.
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Introduction
As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you’ll be positioned to maximize the use of technology to achieve positive patient outcomes and improve organizational effectiveness. Providing holistic coordination of patient care across the entire health care continuum and leveraging community resource services can lead both to positive patient outcomes and to organizational improvements.
Preparation
In this assessment, you’ll determine how health care technology, coordination of care, and community resources can be applied to address the health problem you’ve defined. Plan to spend at least 2 direct practicum hours working with the same patient, family, or group. During this time, you may also choose to consult with subject matter and industry experts.
To prepare for the assessment:
· Review the assessment instructions and scoring guide to ensure that you understand the work you will be asked to complete and how it will be assessed.
· Conduct sufficient research of the scholarly and professional literature to inform your assessment and meet scholarly expectations for supporting evidence.
· Review the  Practicum Focus Sheet: Assessment 3 [PDF],  Download Practicum Focus Sheet: Assessment 3 [PDF],which provides guidance for conducting this portion of your practicum.
Note: As you revise your writing, check out the resources listed on the Writing Center’s  Writing Support  page.
Instructions
Complete this assessment in two parts.
Part 1
Determine how health care technology, the coordination of care, and the use of community resources can be applied to address the patient, family, or population problem you’ve defined. Plan to spend at least 2 practicum hours exploring these aspects of the problem with the patient, family, or group. During this time, you may also consult with subject matter and industry experts of your choice. Document the time spent (your practicum hours) with these individuals or group in the Capella Academic Portal Volunteer Experience Form. Use the  Practicum Focus Sheet: Assessment 3 [PDF]  Download Practicum Focus Sheet: Assessment 3 [PDF]provided for this assessment to guide your work and interpersonal interactions.
Part 2
Report on your experiences during the second 2 hours of your practicum.
· Whom did you meet with?
· What did you learn from them?
· Comment on the evidence-based practice (EBP) documents or websites you reviewed.
· What did you learn from that review?
· Share the process and experience of exploring the effect of the problem on the quality of care, patient safety, and costs to the system and individual.
· Did your plan to address the problem change, based upon your experiences?
· What surprised you, or was of particular interest to you, and why?
Requirements
The assessment requirements, outlined below, correspond to the scoring guide criteria, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, note the additional requirements for document format and length and for supporting evidence.
· Analyze the impact of health care technology on the patient, family, or population problem.
· Cite evidence from the literature that addresses the advantages and disadvantages of specific technologies, including research studies that present opposing views.
· Determine whether the evidence is consistent with technology use you see in your nursing practice.
· Identify potential barriers and costs associated with the use of specific technologies and how those technologies are applied within the context of this problem.
· Explain how care coordination and the utilization of community resources can be used to address the patient, family, or population problem.
· Cite evidence from the literature that addresses the benefits of care coordination and the utilization of community resources, including research studies that present opposing views.
· Determine whether the evidence is consistent with how you see care coordination and community resources used in your nursing practice.
· Identify barriers to the use of care coordination and community resources in the context of this problem.
· Analyze state board nursing practice standards and/or organizational or governmental policies associated with health care technology, care coordination, and community resources and document the practicum hours spent with these individuals or group in the Capella Academic Portal Volunteer Experience Form.
· Explain how these standards or policies will guide your actions in applying technology, care coordination, and community resources to address care quality, patient safety, and costs to the system and individual.
· Describe the effects of local, state, and federal policies or legislation on your nursing scope of practice, within the context of technology, care coordination, and community resources.
· Explain how nursing ethics will inform your approach to addressing the problem through the use of applied technology, care coordination, and community resources.
· Document the time spent (your practicum hours) with these individuals or group in the Capella Academic Portal Volunteer Experience Form.
· Support main points, assertions, arguments, conclusions, or recommendations with relevant and credible evidence.
· Apply APA style and formatting to scholarly writing.
Additional Requirements
· Format: Format your paper using APA style.  APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX]  is provided to help you in writing and formatting your paper. Be sure to include:
· A title page and reference page. An abstract is not required.
· Appropriate section headings.
· Length: Your paper should be approximately 5–7 pages in length, not including the reference page.
· Supporting evidence: Cite at least five sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your central ideas. Resources should be no more than five years old. Provide in-text citations and references in APA format.
· Proofreading: Proofread your paper, before you submit it, to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on its substance.
Capella Academic Portal
Update the total number of hours on the NURS-FPX4900 Volunteer Experience Form in  BSN Practicum Campus page  for more information and instructions on how to log your hours.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:
· Competency 4: Apply health information and patient care technology to improve patient and systems outcomes.
· Analyze the impact of health care technology on a patient, family, or population problem.
· Competency 5: Analyze the impact of health policy on quality and cost of care.
· Analyze state board nursing practice standards and/or organizational or governmental policies associated with health technology, care coordination, and community resources and document the practicum hours spent with these individuals or group in the Capella Academic Portal Volunteer Experience Form.
· Competency 6: Collaborate interprofessionally to improve patient and population outcomes.
· Explain how care coordination and the utilization of community resources can be used to address a patient, family, or population problem.
· Competency 8: Integrate professional standards and values into practice.
· Support main points, assertions, arguments, conclusions, or recommendations with relevant and credible evidence.
· Apply APA style and formatting to scholarly writing